GIS在中国旅游资源研究与应用中的现状及趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王英杰  张桐艳  李鹏  虞虎 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):751-759

随着现代信息技术的不断发展,GIS在旅游研究与应用愈来愈深入。目前,GIS已经广泛的应用到旅游资源研究中,尤其在旅游资源空间分类、评价、旅游规划、旅游资源管理、旅游开发利用等方面取得了较大的进展。首先,本文综述了近些年来GIS在旅游资源研究中的文献资料,研究发现GIS空间分析理论与方法在旅游资源研究与开发中的应用较为广泛,但在旅游资源认知、分类及评价等方面仍存在一些尚未解决的问题。其次,在总结前人和课题组研究成果的基础上,对旅游资源认知、分类与标准化理论进行了相关论述。通过梳理GIS建模技术与空间分析方法在旅游资源信息提取与分析、旅游资源评价、旅游资源开发规划等相关研究成果中发现,旅游资源研究方法已从定性描述走向定量模型,应用成果不断增多,涉及综合评价、空间结构优化、空间布局与选址、空间发展趋势预测、空间利用规划等方面。最后,提出了未来在旅游资源知识模型、旅游资源图谱、旅游资源多维仿真以及旅游资源大数据等方面的相关展望。  相似文献   

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张赤军  王春红  钱南宾 《大地测量与地球动力学》2008,28(6):83-86

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许振栋  罗家天  余庆旺  陈秋英  许事群  陈传昌 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(3):106-112

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基于四种再分析资料的1988-2015年中国近海月均风速特征评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王国松  王喜冬  王慧  侯敏  李琰  范文静  刘玉龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(1):83-90

This study investigates the long-term changes of monthly sea surface wind speeds over the China seas from 1988 to 2015. The 10-meter wind speeds products from four major global reanalysis datasets with high resolution are used: Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform data set(CCMP), NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis data set(CFSR),ERA-interim reanalysis data set(ERA-int) and Japanese 55-year reanalysis data set(JRA55). The monthly sea surface wind speeds of four major reanalysis data sets have been investigated through comparisons with the longterm and homogeneous observation wind speeds data recorded at ten stations. The results reveal that(1) the wind speeds bias of CCMP, CFSR, ERA-int and JRA55 are 0.91 m/s, 1.22 m/s, 0.62 m/s and 0.22 m/s, respectively.The wind speeds RMSE of CCMP, CFSR, ERA-int and JRA55 are 1.38 m/s, 1.59 m/s, 1.01 m/s and 0.96 m/s,respectively;(2) JRA55 and ERA-int provides a realistic representation of monthly wind speeds, while CCMP and CFSR tend to overestimate observed wind speeds. And all the four data sets tend to underestimate observed wind speeds in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea;(3) Comparing the annual wind speeds trends between observation and the four data sets at ten stations for 1988-1997, 1988–2007 and 1988–2015, the result show that ERA-int is superior to represent homogeneity monthly wind speeds over the China seaes.  相似文献   

Climate change and hydrology at the prairie margin: Historic and prospective future flows of Canada's Red Deer and other Rocky Mountain rivers          下载免费PDF全文

Laurens J. Philipsen  Karen M. Gill  Anita Shepherd  Stewart B. Rood 《水文研究》2018,32(17):2669-2684

The South Saskatchewan River Basin of southern Alberta drains the transboundary central Rocky Mountains region and provides the focus for irrigation agriculture in Canada. Following extensive development, two tributaries, the Oldman and Bow rivers, were closed for further water allocations, whereas the Red Deer River (RDR) remains open. The RDR basin is at the northern limit of the North American Great Plains and may be suitable for agricultural expansion with a warming climate. To consider irrigation development and ecological impacts, it is important to understand the regional hydrologic consequences of climate change. To analyse historic trends that could extend into the future, we developed century‐long discharge records for the RDR, by coordinating data across hydrometric gauges, estimating annual flows from seasonal records, and undertaking flow naturalization to compensate for river regulation. Analyses indicated some coordination with the Pacific decadal oscillation and slight decline in summer and annual flows from 1912 to 2016 (?0.13%/year, Sen's slope). Another forecasting approach involved regional downscaling from the global circulation models, CGCMI‐A, ECHAM4, HadCM3, and NCAR‐CCM3. These projected slight flow decreases from the mountain headwaters versus increases from the foothills and boreal regions, resulting in a slight increase in overall river flows (+0.1%/year). Prior projections from these and other global circulation models ranged from slight decrease to slight increase, and the average projection of ?0.05%/year approached the empirical trend. Assessments of other rivers draining the central and northern Rocky Mountains revealed a geographic transition in flow patterns over the past century. Flows from the rivers in Southern Alberta declined (around ?0.15%/year), in contrast to increasing flows in north‐eastern British Columbia and the Yukon. The RDR watershed approaches this transition, and this study thus revealed regional differentiation in the hydrological consequences from climate change.  相似文献   

生态文明视域下中国区域人类发展空间差异与演变趋势     

李晶  王海星 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1294-1303

1990年联合国开发计划署基于多维视角提出人类发展指数来综合评判地区发展水平和社会进步，但该指标体系并未涉及生态环境方面的考量，因而在衡量人类发展方面存在局限性。本文利用生态投入指数从资源消耗和污染排放维度修正人类发展指数，构建生态敏感的中国区域人类发展指数。结合Geoda和ArcGis软件，运用空间探索技术对中国区域人类发展的空间相关性进行测度，在此基础上利用空间标准差椭圆探讨中国区域人类发展的空间演变趋势。研究表明，中国区域人类发展水平在空间上呈集聚分布；区域人类发展的空间分布格局存在一定的空间锁定和路径依赖性；在方向上具有明显的空间分异性，整体呈现非均衡空间分布特征。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of nitrate concentration-discharge patterns to soil nitrate distribution and drainage properties in the vertical dimension     

Xiaoli Chen  Christina L. Tague  John M. Melack  Arturo A. Keller 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2477-2493

We propose a conceptual model that examines the ‘variable source area’ (VSA) and ‘nitrate flushing’ hypothesis in the vertical direction, and use this approach to explain nitrate concentration–discharge relationships in a semi-arid watershed. We use an eco-hydrology simulation model (RHESSys) to show that small changes in the vertical distribution of nitrate mass and their interaction with soil hydraulic conductivity can result in abrupt changes in the nitrate concentration–discharge relationship. We show that the estimated concentration–discharge relationship is sensitive to the parameters governing soil vertical nitrate distribution and soil hydraulic conductivity, at both patch scale and watershed scale, where lateral redistribution of water and nitrate is also accounted for. Given heterogeneity in nitrogen inputs, uptake processes, soil drainage and storage processes, substantial variation in parameters that describe rate of changes in vertical distribution of soil nitrate and hydraulic properties is likely both within and between watersheds. Thus, we argue that vertical ‘variable source area’ processes may be as important as lateral VSA in determining concentration discharge relationships.  相似文献   

Influence of Ice Size Parameter Variation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Podded Propulsor     

GUO Chun-yu  XU Pei  WANG Chao  WANG Lian-zhou  ZHANG Cheng-sen 《中国海洋工程》2020,(1):30-45

During ice-breaking navigation, a massive amount of crushed ice blocks with different sizes is accumulated under the hull of an ice-going ship. This ice slides into the flow field in the forward side of the podded propulsor, affecting the surrounding flow field and aggravating the non-uniformity of the propeller wake. A pulsating load is formed on the propeller, which affects the hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor. To study the changes in the propeller hydrodynamic performance during the ice podded propulsor interaction, the overlapping grid technique is used to simulate the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor at different propeller rotation angles and different ice block sizes. Hence, the hydrodynamic blade behavior during propeller rotation under the interaction between the ice and podded propulsor is discussed. The unsteady propeller loads and surrounding flow fields obtained for ice blocks with different sizes interacting with the podded propulsor are analyzed in detail. The variation in the hydrodynamic performance during the circular motion of a propeller and the influence of ice size variation on the propeller thrust and torque are determined. The calculation results have certain reference significance for experiment-based research, theoretical calculations and numerical simulation concerning ice podded propulsor interaction.  相似文献   

Stability of model performance and parameter values on two catchments facing changes in climatic conditions     

Hong Li  Stein Beldring 《水文科学杂志》2015,60(7-8):1317-1330

Abstract

Hydrological models are often used for studying the hydrological effects of climate change; however, the stability of model performance and parameter values under changing climate conditions has seldom been evaluated and compared. In this study, three widely-used rainfall–runoff models, namely the SimHYD model, the HBV model and the Xin’anjiang model, are evaluated on two catchments subject to changing climate conditions. Evaluation is carried out with respect to the stability in their performance and parameter values in different calibration periods. The results show that (a) stability of model performance and parameter values depends on model structure as well as the climate of catchments, and the models with higher performance scores are more stable in changing conditions; (b) all the tested models perform better on a humid catchment than on an arid catchment; (c) parameter values are also more stable on a humid catchment than on an arid catchment; and (d) the differences in stability among models are somewhat larger in terms of model efficiency than in model parameter values.  相似文献   

疏勒河流域泥沙分布规律及水沙关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

严宇红  黄维东  吴锦奎  黄晨璐 《干旱区地理》2019,42(1):47-55

泥沙是影响河流健康和水环境的重要因素之一，受气候变化和人类活动的影响，流域水文要素和下垫面条件发生了较大变化，尤其是实施大规模的水土保持措施后，部分河流的泥沙含量大幅减少，但在河西内陆河流域发源于祁连山西端的疏勒河流域，受降水条件和人类活动的影响，河流泥沙呈增加趋势。本文应用疏勒河流域实测长系列水文资料，采用水文统计法、差积曲线法、趋势检验法、突变检验法、非线性复相关模型法等方法，分析了流域泥沙时空分布规律及水沙关系，结果表明：疏勒河干流昌马堡站年输沙量为333.5×104 t，至下游潘家庄站减少到223.5×104 t；党河党城湾站年输沙量为76.56×104 t，至下游沙枣园站增加到121.3×104 t；疏勒河干流输沙量主要集中在汛期7～8月，占全年的81.9 %～84.0 %，党河流域输沙量主要集中在4-8月，占全年的92.3 %；流域泥沙变化总体呈增加趋势，突变点1998年以后，年输沙量增加了86.3 %～148.2 %。建立了潘家庄站降水～泥沙、径流～泥沙以及年输沙量～年径流量～年最大洪峰流量关系模型，相关关系较好，相关系数达到0.717～0.858。流域出山口以上对泥沙的影响因素主要是降水，出山口以下主要是修建水库、水电站、引水工程、河道采砂等人类活动影响。随着国家对内陆河流域祁连山和河西走廊的日益关注，以及全国河长制的推行，河流生态健康已经提上日程，研究疏勒河流域泥沙分布规律及水沙关系，对国家实施西部生态安全战略、区域生态环境修复治理、水资源可持续利用等具有重要意义。  相似文献